Pareto optimality is a formally defined concept used to judge the efficiency of a distribution when shared goods or resources are allocated to many. Pareto efficiency occurs when all resources are exhausted, and any change in allocation will make at least one party worse off. During this activity, Dr. Abecassis will discuss similarities and differences between Pareto optimality, equity, and social optimality in order to provide a conceptual framework to better understand the dynamics and behaviors we are currently witnessing in national debates around liver allocation.

Learning Objectives
At the end of this educational activity, participants should be able to:

1. Explain the concepts of Pareto optimality and efficiency and their roles in transplantation.
2. Explain the difference between Pareto optimality and social optimality in the context of resource scarcity (80/20 rule).

Presenter

Michael Abecassis, MD, MBA J. Roscoe Miller Distinguished Professor Departments of Surgery and Microbiology/Immunology Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Chief, Division of Organ Transplantation Northwestern Memorial Hospital; Founding Director, Comprehensive Transplant Center Northwestern University Chicago, IL

Faculty Planners

Disclosures of Relevant Financial Relationships
In accordance with the ACCME Standards for Commercial Support^SM, OptumHealth Education requires all those in the control of activity content to disclose their relevant financial relationships. An individual has a relevant financial relationship if such person (or his/her spouse/partner) has a financial relationship in any amount occurring in the last 12 months with a commercial interest whose products or services relate to the activity content.

OptumHealth Education ensures that the content is independent of commercial bias.

Ms. Chart and Ms. Gleason have indicated that they are employees of and own stock in UnitedHealth Group.
The remaining activity faculty or planners have no financial relationships to disclose.

Method of participation
There are no fees for participating in or receiving credit for this activity. For information on applicability and acceptance of continuing education credit for this activity, please consult your professional licensing board.

Participants will receive a certificate upon successful completion of the activity, which includes the following:

• Completing the entire activity
• Completing the pre- and post-activity assessments, activity evaluation and application for certificate of credit

You must be logged into your account to participate in this activity. Get started by clicking "Begin" and viewing the "CE Info"; then follow the prompts at the bottom of the screen. At the end of the activity, you will be able to view, save or print your certificate of participation. The Area of Practice you indicated in your profile corresponds with your certificate type. A complete listing of all of your activities can be found under "My Account," "My Activities."

Method for Calculating CE Credit
CE credit was calculated by the complexity of content.

Accreditation Statement
In support of improving patient care, OptumHealth Education is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) to provide continuing education for the health care team.

Credit designation statements
This activity was planned by and for the health care team, and learners will receive 0.75 Interprofessional Continuing Education (IPCE) credits for learning and change.

Nurses
The participant will be awarded up to 0.75 contact hour(s) of credit for attendance and completion of supplemental materials.

Nurse Practitioners
The American Academy of Nurse Practitioners Certification Program (AANPCP) accepts credit from organizations accredited by the ACCME and ANCC.

Pharmacists/Pharmacy Technicians
This activity is approved for 0.75 contact hour(s) ([0.075] CEU) in states that recognize ACPE.
Attending the full program will earn 0.75 contact hour(s).
Unique Activity Number(s): JA0007123-0000-18-144-H01-P/T

Physicians
OptumHealth Education designates this enduring activity for a maximum of 0.75 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Physician Assistants
The American Academy of Physician Assistants (AAPA) accepts credit from organizations accredited by the ACCME.

Case Managers
This program has been pre-approved by The Commission for Case Manager Certification to provide Ethics continuing education credit to CCM^® board certified case managers. The course is approved for 0.75 CE contact hours. (Please reference the 26th Annual National Conference when contacting CCMC to claim credit for this activity.)
CCMC Ethics credit is approved for this course. The CCMC Code of Professional Conduct will be referenced in this presentation. View the CCMC Code of Professional Conduct here.

Attendance
A certificate of attendance will be provided to learners upon completion of activity requirements, enabling participants to register with licensing boards or associations that have not been pre-approved for credits. To apply for credit types not listed above, participants should use the procedure established by the specific organization to which you wish you apply credit.

Provided By
This activity is provided by OptumHealth Education.

Commercial Support
No commercial support was received for this activity.

Hardware/Software Requirements
To view this activity you will need Internet Explorer 7.0+ or Firefox 3.0+ with Windows Media Player 9+, RealPlayer 12+, or Adobe Flash Player 9+. Be sure to disable your pop-up blocking software prior to the beginning of this activity.