A survey commissioned by the National Community Pharmacists Association in 2013 reported that millions of adults aged 40 years and older with chronic conditions are departing from physicians’ instructions in taking their medications; failing to fill or refill prescriptions; under- or overdosing; or taking medication prescribed for a different condition or to a different person. Medication nonadherence is a costly (costs are estimated at $290 billion dollars annually) and potentially deadly, yet preventable action. This presentation will outline the barriers, costs and negative health outcomes associated with poor adherence, as well as review the vital role that physicians, pharmacists, and other health care providers have to play in enhancing adherence.

Learning Objectives
At the end of this educational activity, participants should be able to:

1. State the clinical and economic impact of medication nonadherence
2. List specific barriers that are associated with poor adherence and increased negative health outcomes
3. Explain the potential impact of effective health coaching on increasing medication concordance and adherence
4. Review the role of physicians, pharmacists and other health care professionals in enhancing patient medication adherence
5. Explain how interventions with cognitive-behavior elements may prove effective in helping to reduce nonadherence and negative health outcomes

Faculty Listing
Leah L. Zullig, PhD, MPH
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Duke University Medical Center
Health Services Researcher
Durham Veterans Affairs Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care
Adjunct Assistant Professor
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Durham, North Carolina

Disclosures of Relevant Financial Relationships
In accordance with the ACCME Standards for Commercial Support^SM, OptumHealth Education requires all those involved in the development of activity content to disclose their relevant financial relationships. An individual has a relevant financial relationship if such person (or their spouse/partner) has a financial relationship in any amount occurring in the last 12 months with a commercial interest whose products or services are discussed in the activity content over which the individual has control.
OptumHealth Education ensures that the content is independent of commercial bias.

Faculty Disclosure
Leah L. Zullig, PhD, MPH has reported the following:
Grant/Research Support: Department of Veterans Affairs, Duke University

Activity Planners
Sarah Chart-Hart, RN
Senior Director
OptumHealth Education

Rebecca Gleason, RN, CCM
Activity Manager
OptumHealth Education

Anne M. Sendaydiego, PharmD
AMS Consulting, LLC
Louisville, Kentucky

V. Silverstein, MD
Eagle Creek Medical Communications
Durham, North Carolina

Activity Planner Disclosures
Ms Chart and Ms Gleason have indicated that they are employees of and own stock in UnitedHealth Group.
Drs Sendaydiego and Silverstein have indicated that they have no relevant financial relationships.

Method of Participation
There are no fees for participating in or receiving credit for this activity.
For information on applicability and acceptance of continuing education credit for this activity, please consult your professional licensing board.

Participants will receive a certificate upon successful completion of the activity, which includes the following:

• Completing the entire activity
• Completing the Pre- and Post-Activity Assessments, Activity Evaluation, and Application for Certificate of Credit forms

You must be logged into your account to participate in this activity. Get started by clicking “Begin” and viewing the “CE Info”; then follow the prompts at the bottom of the screen. At the end of the activity, you will be able to view, save, or print your certificate of participation. The Area of Practice you indicated in your profile corresponds with your certificate type. A complete listing of all of your activities can be found under “My Account”, “My Activities.”

Accreditation Statement
OptumHealth Education is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) to provide continuing education for the healthcare team.

Credit Designation Statements
Physicians
OptumHealth Education designates this enduring material for a maximum of 0.75 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Physician Assistants
The American Academy of Physician Assistants (AAPA) accepts credit from organizations accredited by the ACCME.

Nurses
The participant will be awarded up to 0.75 contact hour(s) of credit for attendance and completion of supplemental materials.

Nurse Practitioners
The American Academy of Nurse Practitioners Certification Program (AANPCP) accepts credit from organizations accredited by the ACCME and ANCC.

Pharmacists
This activity is approved for 0.75 contact hour(s) ([0.075] CEU) in states that recognize ACPE.

Attending the full program will earn 0.75 contact hour(s). Unique Activity Number(s): 0860-0000-15-044-H01-P

Attendance
A certificate of attendance will be provided to learners upon completion of activity requirements, enabling participants to register with licensing boards or associations that have not been pre-approved for credits. To apply for credit types not listed above, participants should use the procedure established by the specific organization to which you wish you apply credit.

Method for Calculating CE Credit
CE credit was calculated by the complexity of content.

Provided By
This activity is provided by OptumHealth Education.

Commercial Support
There was no commercial support received for this activity.

Hardware/Software Requirements
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